開放 (Openness) 是常見的用語，但「開放」這語詞可有確切的定義？
由莊庭瑞、范菁文、何明諠以及 Kalpana Tyagi 為 Internet Policy Review 撰寫的 Openness 這篇短文，嘗試對「開放」的起源進行考察，並認為因著使用情境與學科領域的不同，「開放」的意含也有不同。
該文是 Internet Policy Review 的 glossary of decentralised technosocial systems（去中心化技術社會系統語彙表）的一部分，於 2022 年 3 月底刊出。
論文摘要：
The nature and extent of openness depend on the context and/or disciplinary domain. Earlier usage of the term open was in the context of computer systems. For example, in networked systems of computers, ‘openness’ refers to enabling protocols that connect previously closed systems so that they can communicate with each other. Beyond that, openness has been used to imply a spectrum of meanings, notably since the campaign for open source software development populated the term ‘open’ and its suggested notions of ‘openness’ as freedom, entitlement, or norm. As a social form of organising, ‘openness’ suggests a way of sharing resources. In the corporate context, ‘openness’ refers to more active involvement of stakeholders in the process of value creation.
論文連結： https://policyreview.info/glossary/openness
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